Recreational runner’s pace and numerical pain rating scale

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v4i3.10302

Abstract

A number of runner problems, such as injuries and muscular soreness, can cause pain after running. Overindulgence in running volume and pace increases may be significant factors in the development of injuries. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) used to measure pain severity. The purpose of this study is to find correlations between pace and pain scale with NPRS. The study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional approach, sample included 39 recreational runners aged over 18 who reside in Indonesia. The results of this showed respondents were on average 33.2 years old (SD = 9.9) and included 66.7% male, with an average running frequency of 9.2 times per month (SD = 7.84), average pace is 6.98 (SD = 1.54), the NPRS varies from 0 to 6. Location of pain after running were toes (10.3%), sole of feet (15.4%), heel (10.3%), calves (43.6%) and had no complaints of pain (20.5%). The correlation between pace and pain scale with NPRS was significant (p<0.05), and was a positive correlation. There was a correlation between pace and NPRS; the slower of pace, the higher the pain. The implications for recreational runners were that they may decrease post-run pain by increasing their pace gradually by regular do-run exercising.

Keywords:

Recreational, Runner, Pace, NPRS, Injury

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amir, R., Leiba, R., & Eisenberg, E. (2019). Anchoring the Numeric Pain Scale Changes Pain Intensity Reports in Patients With Chronic But Not With Acute Pain. Pain Practice, 19(3), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12738

Damsted, C., Parner, E. T., Sørensen, H., Malisoux, L., & Nielsen, R. O. (2019). ProjectRun21: Do running experience and running pace influence the risk of running injury—A 14-week prospective cohort study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(3), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.08.014

Francis, P., Whatman, C., Sheerin, K., Hume, P., & Johnson, M. I. (2019). The Proportion of Lower Limb Running Injuries by Gender, Anatomical Location and Specific Pathology: A Systematic Review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(1), 21–31.

Fredette, A., Roy, J.-S., Perreault, K., Dupuis, F., Napier, C., & Esculier, J.-F. (2022). The Association Between Running Injuries and Training Parameters: A Systematic Review. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(7), 650–671. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0195.21

Gosztyla, A. E., Edwards, D. G., Quinn, T. J., & Kenefick, R. W. (2006). The Impact of Different Pacing Strategies on Five-Kilometer Running Time Trial Performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 882. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19275.1

Janssen, M., Walravens, R., Thibaut, E., Scheerder, J., Brombacher, A., & Vos, S. (2020). Understanding Different Types of Recreational Runners and How They Use Running-Related Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072276

Johnston, R., Cahalan, R., O’Keeffe, M., O’Sullivan, K., & Comyns, T. (2018). The associations between training load and baseline characteristics on musculoskeletal injury and pain in endurance sport populations: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(9), 910–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.03.001

Kluitenberg, B., van Middelkoop, M., Verhagen, E., Hartgens, F., Huisstede, B., Diercks, R., & van der Worp, H. (2016). The impact of injury definition on injury surveillance in novice runners. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(6), 470–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.07.003

Li, J., Song, Y., Xuan, R., Sun, D., Teo, E.-C., Bíró, I., & Gu, Y. (2022). Effect of Long-Distance Running on Inter-segment Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces: A Preliminary Study. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.833774

Lima-Silva, A. E., Bertuzzi, R. C. M., Pires, F. O., Barros, R. V., Gagliardi, J. F., Hammond, J., Kiss, M. A., & Bishop, D. J. (2010). Effect of performance level on pacing strategy during a 10-km running race. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(5), 1045–1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1300-6

Michener, L. A., Snyder, A. R., & Leggin, B. G. (2011). Responsiveness of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale in Patients With Shoulder Pain and the Effect of Surgical Status. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 20(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.20.1.115

Norris, C. (2018). Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries: A Guide for Students and Therapists. Taylor & Francis.

Pell, R. F., Khanuja, H. S., & Cooley, R. G. (2004). Leg Pain in the Running Athlete. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 12(6), 396–404. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200411000-00004

Peterson, B., Searle, A., Spink, M., Hawke, F., Callister, R., & Chuter, V. (2022). Going their own way–male recreational runners and running-related injuries: A qualitative thematic analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(8), e0273401. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273401

Ramskov, D., Rasmussen, S., Sørensen, H., Parner, E. T., Lind, M., & Nielsen, R. (2022). Interactions Between Running Volume and Running Pace and Injury Occurrence in Recreational Runners: A Secondary Analysis. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(6), 557–563. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0165.21

Ryan, M., Elashi, M., Newsham-West, R., & Taunton, J. (2014). Examining injury risk and pain perception in runners using minimalist footwear. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(16), 1257–1262. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-092061

Santi, A., Bosch, T. A., Bantle, A. E., Alvear, A., Wang, Q., Hodges, J. S., Dengel, D. R., & Chow, L. S. (2018). High Body Mass Index Masks Body Composition Differences in Physically Active Versus Sedentary Participants. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 16(9), 483–489. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2018.0042

Scheerder, J., Breedveld, K., & Borgers, J. (2015). Running across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. (1st ed.). Springer. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=LLaYBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=CDd3oCBHJA&sig=SPnjybWEx4gdLTieNFPxLyMhrvk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Sedeaud, A., Marc, A., Marck, A., Dor, F., Schipman, J., Dorsey, M., Haida, A., Berthelot, G., & Toussaint, J.-F. (2014). BMI, a Performance Parameter for Speed Improvement. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e90183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090183

Teixeira, R. N., Lunardi, A., da Silva, R. A., Lopes, A. D., & Carvalho, C. R. F. (2016). PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN MARATHON RUNNERS WHO COMPETE AT THE ELITE LEVEL. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 11(1), 126–131.

Thuany, M., Gomes, T. N., & Almeida, M. B. de. (2020). Is there any difference between “amateur” and “recreational” runners? A latent class analysis. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 26(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742020000400140

van der Worp, M. P., ten Haaf, D. S. M., van Cingel, R., de Wijer, A., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G., & Staal, J. B. (2015). Injuries in Runners; A Systematic Review on Risk Factors and Sex Differences. PLOS ONE, 10(2), e0114937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114937

Videbæk, S., Bueno, A. M., Nielsen, R. O., & Rasmussen, S. (2015). Incidence of Running-Related Injuries Per 1000 h of running in Different Types of Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(7), 1017–1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0333-8

Vincent, H. K., & Vincent, K. R. (2017). When Is It Safe to Run? Applying Four Pain Rules to Running Participation. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(3), 122–122. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000362

Williamson, A., & Hoggart, B. (2005). Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14(7), 798–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x

Published

2024-08-13

How to Cite

Batari, A. D. (2024). Recreational runner’s pace and numerical pain rating scale . Indonesian Journal of Sport Management, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.31949/ijsm.v4i3.10302