Keterpelajaran Gerak: Korelasi Keterampilan Psikomotorik dengan Cognitive Function Siswa

Authors

  • Rola Angga Lardika UNIVERSITAS RIAU
  • Beltasar Tarigan
  • Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray
  • Yunyun Yudiana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v6i2.5258

Abstract

This research is a quantitative study with a correlational design that aims to determine the relationship between motor learning and cognitive function in students of public elementary schools in Kuantan Tengah District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. The population of this study was fifth grade students for the 2022/2023 school year, with a population of 627 children spread across 27 public elementary schools. The sampling technique used in this research is random sampling. With this technique, I obtained a sample of 94 students. Methods of data collection using tests and measurements of cognitive function and movement skills Cognitive function uses the Concentration Grid Test (CGT) instrument and movement skills by observing movement learning. The results showed that students' cognitive function was in a good category, and their movement learning was also good. The results of the correlation analysis obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.695 > rtable = 0.396. This shows that there is a significant relationship between movement learning and cognitive function in fifth grade public elementary school students in Kuantan Tengah District for the 2022/2023 academic year. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the research is that one student's movement learning is influenced by cognitive function. Students who have good cognitive function tend to have good movement skills.

Keywords:

cognitive function, movement skills, physical education

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aarsland, V., Borda, M. G., Aarsland, D., Garcia-Cifuentes, E., Anderssen, S. A., Tovar-Rios, D. A., Gomez-Arteaga, C., & Perez-Zepeda, M. U. (2020). Association between physical activity and cognition in Mexican and Korean older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89(April), 104047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104047

Abduljabar, B. (2011). Pengertian pendidikan jasmani. Ilmu Pendidikan, 1991, 36.

Alderman, B. L., Olson, R. L., & Brush, C. J. (2019). Using event-related potentials to study the effects of chronic exercise on cognitive function. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1223419

Antunes, B. M., Rossi, F. E., Teixeira, A. M., & Lira, F. S. (2020). Short-time high-intensity exercise increases peripheral BDNF in a physical fitness-dependent way in healthy men. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1611929

BenOunis, O., BenAbderrahman, A., Chamari, K., Ajmol, A., BenBrahim, M., Hammouda, A., Hammami, M. A., & Zouhal, H. (2013). Association of short-passing ability with athletic performances in youth soccer players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34529

Bertuol, C., Tozetto, W. R., Streb, A. R., & Del Duca, G. F. (2021). Combined relationship of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour with the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases: data from 52,675 Brazilian adults and elderly. European Journal of Sport Science, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1880646

Bianco, V., Di Russo, F., Perri, R. L., & Berchicci, M. (2017). Different proactive and reactive action control in fencers’ and boxers’ brain. Neuroscience, 343(December), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.006

Broadbent, D. P., Causer, J., Williams, A. M., & Ford, P. R. (2015). Perceptual-cognitive skill training and its transfer to expert performance in the field: Future research directions. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(4), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.957727

Cabirol, A., Cope, A. J., Barron, A. B., & Devaud, J. M. (2018). Relationship between brain plasticity, learning and foraging performance in honey bees. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196749

Charlett, O. P., Morari, V., & Bailey, D. P. (2021). Impaired postprandial glucose and no improvement in other cardiometabolic responses or cognitive function by breaking up sitting with bodyweight resistance exercises: a randomised crossover trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(7), 792–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1847478

Clark, J. M., Adanty, K., Post, A., Hoshizaki, T. B., Clissold, J., McGoldrick, A., Hill, J., Annaidh, A. N., & Gilchrist, M. D. (2020). Proposed injury thresholds for concussion in equestrian sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(3), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.006

Coco, M., Di Corrado, D., Ramaci, T., Di Nuovo, S., Perciavalle, V., Puglisi, A., Cavallari, P., Bellomo, M., & Buscemi, A. (2019). Role of lactic acid on cognitive functions. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 47(3), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1557025

Coimbra, M., Cody, R., Kreppke, J. N., & Gerber, M. (2021). Impact of a physical education-based behavioural skill training program on cognitive antecedents and exercise and sport behaviour among adolescents: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(1), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1799966

Fiľo, P., & Janoušek, O. (2021). The relation between physical and mental load, and the course of physiological functions and cognitive performance. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 0(0), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1913535

Fiľo, P., & Janoušek, O. (2022). The relation between physical and mental load, and the course of physiological functions and cognitive performance. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 23(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1913535

Formenti, D., Duca, M., Trecroci, A., Ansaldi, L., Bonfanti, L., Alberti, G., & Iodice, P. (2019). Perceptual vision training in non-sport-specific context: effect on performance skills and cognition in young females. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55252-1

Gasquoine, P. G. (2018). Effects of physical activity on delayed memory measures in randomized controlled trials with nonclinical older, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia participants. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 40(9), 874–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2018.1442815

Gomes da Silva, S., & Arida, R. M. (2015). Physical activity and brain development. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 15(9), 1041–1051. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2015.1077115

Grebener, B. L., Barth, J., Anders, S., Beißbarth, T., & Raupach, T. (2021). A prediction-based method to estimate student learning outcome: Impact of response rate and gender differences on evaluation results. Medical Teacher, 43(5), 524–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1867714

Hakked, C. S., Balakrishnan, R., & Krishnamurthy, M. N. (2017). Yogic breathing practices improve lung functions of competitive young swimmers. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2016.12.005

Holfelder, B., Klotzbier, T. J., Eisele, M., & Schott, N. (2020). Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(April), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00694

Hostinar, C. E., Stellern, S. A., Schaefer, C., Carlson, S. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2012). Associations between early life adversity and executive function in children adopted internationally from orphanages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(SUPPL.2). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121246109

Irwin, C., Campagnolo, N., Iudakhina, E., Cox, G. R., & Desbrow, B. (2018). Effects of acute exercise, dehydration and rehydration on cognitive function in well-trained athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(3), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1298828

Keeley, T. J. H., & Fox, K. R. (2009). The impact of physical activity and fitness on academic achievement and cognitive performance in children. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 198–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840903233822

Kilger, M., & Blomberg, H. (2020). Governing Talent Selection through the Brain: Constructing Cognitive Executive Function as a Way of Predicting Sporting Success. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 14(2), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2019.1631880

Kraft, E. (2012). Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: Possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 19(1–2), 248–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2011.645010

Liu, M. L., Jiang, L. J., Wang, W. X., Zhang, X., Xing, X. H., Deng, W., & Li, T. (2021). The relationship between activity level and cognitive function in Chinese community-dwelling elderly. Research in Sports Medicine, 00(00), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1888096

Liu, M. L., Jiang, L. J., Wang, W. X., Zhang, X., Xing, X. H., Deng, W., & Li, T. (2022). The relationship between activity level and cognitive function in Chinese community-dwelling elderly. Research in Sports Medicine, 30(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1888096

Loef, M., & Walach, H. (2012). The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine, 55(3), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.06.017

Loprinzi, P. D., Blough, J., Ryu, S., & Kang, M. (2019). Experimental effects of exercise on memory function among mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 47(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1527647

Lundgren, T., Näslund, M., Högman, L., & Parling, T. (2016). Preliminary investigation of executive functions in elite ice hockey players. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 10(4), 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2015-0030

MacDonald, L. A., & Minahan, C. L. (2016). Indices of cognitive function measured in rugby union players using a computer-based test battery. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(17), 1669–1674. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1132003

Masel, M. C., Raji, M., & Peek, M. K. (2010). Education and physical activity mediate the relationship between ethnicity and cognitive function in late middle-aged adults. Ethnicity and Health, 15(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557851003681273

Matthews, K. E., Adams, P., & Goos, M. (2017). Quantitative skills as a graduate learning outcome: exploring students’ evaluative expertise. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(4), 564–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1161725

Mbhatsani, V. H., Mbhenyane, X. G., & Mabapa, S. N. (2017). Development and Implementation of Nutrition Education on Dietary Diversification for Primary School Children. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 56(6), 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2017.1366319

Meijer, A., Königs, M., Vermeulen, G. T., Visscher, C., Bosker, R. J., Hartman, E., & Oosterlaan, J. (2020). The effects of physical activity on brain structure and neurophysiological functioning in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100828

Milanović, Z., Pantelić, S., Čović, N., Sporiš, G., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2019). Broad-spectrum physical fitness benefits of recreational football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(15). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097885

Miyamoto, T., Hashimoto, S., Yanamoto, H., Ikawa, M., Nakano, Y., Sekiyama, T., Kou, K., Kashiwamura, S. I., Takeda, C., & Fujioka, H. (2018). Response of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to combining cognitive and physical exercise. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(8), 1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1470676

Morais, V. A. C. de, Tourino, M. F. da S., Almeida, A. C. de S., Albuquerque, T. B. D., Linhares, R. C., Christo, P. P., Martinelli, P. M., & Scalzo, P. L. (2018). A single session of moderate intensity walking increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the chronic post-stroke patients*. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 25(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2017.1373500

Narkauskaitė-Nedzinskienė, L., Samsonienė, L., Karanauskienė, D., & Stankutė, V. (2020). Psychomotor Abilities of Elderly People and Their Motivation to Participate in Organized Physical Activity. Experimental Aging Research, 46(3), 257–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2020.1743614

Natalia, K. (2015). Psycho-Pedagogical Support in the Preparation of Young Football Players. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 286–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.408

Ohko, H., Umemoto, Y., Sakurai, Y., Araki, S., Kojima, D., Kamijo, Y., Murai, K., Yasuoka, Y., & Tajima, F. (2021). The effects of endurance exercise combined with high-temperature head-out water immersion on serum concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy young men. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 38(1), 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2021.1922761

Piepmeier, A. T., Etnier, J. L., Wideman, L., Berry, N. T., Kincaid, Z., & Weaver, M. A. (2020). A preliminary investigation of acute exercise intensity on memory and BDNF isoform concentrations. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(6), 819–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1660726

Ploughman, M. (2008). Exercise is brain food: The effects of physical activity on cognitive function. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 11(3), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518420801997007

Pokorski, M. (2015). Neurotransmitter interactions and cognitive function. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 837). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10006_7

Powell, E., Wood, L. A., & Nevill, A. M. (2016). Increasing physical activity levels in primary school physical education : The SHARP Principles Model. 3, 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.11.007

Schnider, L., Schilling, R., Cody, R., Kreppke, J. N., & Gerber, M. (2021). Effects of behavioural skill training on cognitive antecedents and exercise and sport behaviour in high school students: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1877329

Soriano-Maldonado, A., Artero, E. G., Segura-Jiménez, V., Aparicio, V. A., Estévez-López, F., Álvarez-Gallardo, I. C., Munguía-Izquierdo, D., Casimiro-Andújar, A. J., Delgado-Fernández, M., & Ortega, F. B. (2016). Association of physical fitness and fatness with cognitive function in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(18), 1731–1739. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1136069

Veijalainen, J., Reunamo, J., & Heikkilä, M. (2021). Early gender differences in emotional expressions and self-regulation in settings of early childhood education and care. Early Child Development and Care, 191(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1611045

Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Wiebe, S. A., Rahman, A. A., Kuzik, N., & Carson, V. (2020). Longitudinal associations of sedentary time and physical activity duration and patterns with cognitive development in early childhood. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 19, 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100340

Vestberg, T., Reinebo, G., Maurex, L., Ingvar, M., & Petrovic, P. (2017). Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players. PLoS ONE, 12(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170845

Viegas, Â. A., Mendonça, V. A., Pontes Nobre, J. N., Souza Morais, R. L. De, Fernandes, A. C., Oliveira Ferreira, F. De, Scheidt Figueiredo, P. H., Leite, H. R., Resende Camargos, A. C., & Rodrigues Lacerda, A. C. (2021). Associations of physical activity and cognitive function with gross motor skills in preschoolers: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Motor Behavior, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2021.1897508

Wallhead, T. L., Hastie, P. A., Harvey, S., & Pill, S. (2021). Academics’ perspectives on the future of sport education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(5), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1823960

Wang, C. H., Lin, C. C., Moreau, D., Yang, C. T., & Liang, W. K. (2020). Neural correlates of cognitive processing capacity in elite soccer players. In Biological Psychology (Vol. 157). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107971

Yongtawee, A., Park, J., Kim, Y., & Woo, M. (2021). Athletes have different dominant cognitive functions depending on type of sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 0(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1956570

Zhou, X., Liao, S., Qi, L., & Wang, R. (2021). Physical activity and its association with cognitive function in middle- and older-aged Chinese: Evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2015. European Journal of Sport Science, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1897164

Downloads

Abstract Views : 135
Downloads Count: 172

Published

2023-06-26

How to Cite

Lardika, R. A., Beltasar Tarigan, Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray, & Yunyun Yudiana. (2023). Keterpelajaran Gerak: Korelasi Keterampilan Psikomotorik dengan Cognitive Function Siswa. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 6(2), 892–904. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v6i2.5258

Issue

Section

Articles